* {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
.navbar-brand {
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
}

:root {
  --brand-color: #0b2a4a;
  --sub-brand: #a12421;
  --page-bg: #f4f7fb;
  /* soft academic background */
}

body {
  background: var(--page-bg);
}

/* ===== Base navbar ===== */
.main-navbar {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  z-index: 9999;
  transition: all 0.35s ease;
}

/* ===== When sticky ===== */
.main-navbar.fixed-header {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  background: #0b2a4a;
  /* your color */
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18);
  animation: smoothSlideDown 0.35s ease;
}

/* 🔥 Smooth slide animation */
@keyframes smoothSlideDown {
  from {
    transform: translateY(-100%);
    opacity: 0.7;
  }

  to {
    transform: translateY(0);
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

/* Prevent page jump */
body.header-fixed {
  padding-top: 90px;
  /* adjust to navbar height */
}

.journal-topbar {
  background: #fff;
  color: #000;
  font-size: 13px;
  padding: 6px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);

  display: flex;
  /* ⭐ REQUIRED */
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* Left text */
.topbar-left span {
  margin-right: 8px;
}

/* ===== Social Icons ===== */
.topbar-social a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 28px;
  height: 28px;
  background: var(--sub-brand);
  color: #fff;
  border-radius: 50%;
  margin-left: 6px;
  font-size: 12px;
  transition: 0.25s;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.topbar-social a:hover {
  background: var(--brand-color);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .journal-topbar {
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    flex-direction: column;
    /* ⭐ stack vertically */
    text-align: center;
    gap: 6px;
  }

  .topbar-left {
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
    /* ⭐ centers the text */
    margin-bottom: 5px;
  }

  .topbar-left span {
    margin-right: 0;
    display: inline-block;
    /* optional but safe */
  }

  .topbar-social {
    justify-content: center;
    display: flex;
    width: 100%;
  }
}

/* ===== Navbar Background ===== */
.custom-navbar {
  background: var(--brand-color);
  padding: 0;
}

.logo {
  width: 90px;
}

/* ===== Logo Circle ===== */
.logo-circle {
  width: 84px;
  height: 84px;
  background: var(--sub-brand);
  color: #fff;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-weight: bold;
}

/* ===== Brand Text ===== */
.brand-text {
  color: #fff;
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* ===== Nav Links ===== */
.navbar-nav .nav-link {
  color: #fff;
  padding: 18px 20px;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 12px;
  border-right: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  transition: all 0.25s ease;
}

/* ===== Active HOME ===== */
.navbar-nav .nav-link.active,
.navbar-nav .nav-link:hover {
  background: var(--sub-brand);
  /* change color if needed */
  color: #fff !important;
}

/* ===== Hover ===== */
.navbar-nav .nav-link:hover {
  background: var(--sub-brand);
  color: #fff;
}

/* ===== Remove last border ===== */
.navbar-nav .nav-item:last-child .nav-link {
  border-right: none;
}

/* ===== Mobile Fix ===== */
@media (max-width: 991px) {
  .navbar-nav .nav-link {
    border-right: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .logo {
    width: 72px;
  }

  .navbar-toggler {
    background-color: #f7f2f2 !important;
  }
}

/* ===== Dropdown Menu ===== */
.custom-dropdown {
  background: var(--brand-color);
  border: none;
  border-radius: none !important;
  padding: 6px 0;
  min-width: 220px;
}

.custom-dropdown,
.custom-dropdown * {
  border-radius: 0 !important;
}

/* dropdown items */
.custom-dropdown .dropdown-item {
  color: #000;
  font-size: 13px;
  padding: 10px 18px;
  transition: all 0.25s ease;
}

/* hover effect */
.custom-dropdown .dropdown-item:hover {
  background: var(--sub-brand);
  color: #fff;
}

/* remove bootstrap arrow focus glow */
.navbar-nav .dropdown-toggle:focus {
  box-shadow: none;
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .navbar .dropdown:hover .dropdown-menu {
    display: block;
    margin-top: 0;
  }
}

/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

/* ===== Slide wrapper ===== */
.slide-wrapper {
  position: relative;
}

.hero-slider .carousel-item img {
  height: 500px;
  object-fit: cover;
}

/* ===== Dark gradient overlay ===== */
.slide-overlay {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(to right,
      rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 20%,
      rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 80%);
  z-index: 1;
}

/* ===== Right side content ===== */
.slide-content {
  position: absolute;
  right: 14%;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  z-index: 2;
  color: #fff;
  max-width: 420px;
  text-align: right;
}

.slide-content h2 {
  font-size: 42px;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.slide-content p {
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

/* ===== Arrow style ===== */
.slider-arrow {
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55);
  width: 46px;
  height: 46px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 22px;
  color: #fff;
  transition: 0.3s;
}

.slider-arrow:hover {
  background: var(--sub-brand);
  transform: scale(1.1);
}

/* ===== Responsive ===== */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .hero-slider .carousel-item img {
    height: 260px;
  }

  .slide-content {
    right: 5%;
    left: 5%;
    text-align: center;
    max-width: 100%;
  }

  .slide-content h2 {
    font-size: 26px;
  }
}

/* ===== Section Background ===== */
.journal-hero {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #f8fafc 0%, #ffffff 100%);
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
}

/* ===== Title ===== */
.journal-title {
  font-size: 2.1rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #0f172a;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.journal-title span {
  color: var(--sub-brand);
}

/* ===== ISSN Line ===== */
.journal-meta {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #64748b;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

/* ===== Description ===== */
.journal-desc {
  color: #334155;
  line-height: 1.7;
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}

/* Primary button */
.btn.journal-btnn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #a12421, #911d1b);
  color: #fff !important;
  border: none;
  padding: 12px 22px;
  font-weight: 600;
  border-radius: 8px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(255, 106, 0, 0.35);
}

.btn.journal-btnn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #b9211e, #8a1e1c);
  color: #fff !important;
}

.btn-primary {
  background-color: var(--sub-brand) !important;
  border: none !important;
}

/* Outline button */
.btn.journal-btnn-outline {
  background: transparent;
  color: #b9211e !important;
  border: 2px solid #b9211e;
  padding: 12px 22px;
  font-weight: 600;
  border-radius: 8px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.btn.journal-btnn-outline:hover {
  background: #b9211e;
  color: #fff !important;
}

/* ===== TIJSBM Section ===== */

.tijsbm-call {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #f8fafc 0%, #ffffff 100%);
}

/* Header */

.tijsbm-title {
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  color: var(--sub-brand);
}

.tijsbm-subtitle {
  color: #6b7280;
  font-size: 15px;
}

/* Content */

.tijsbm-content p {
  color: #374151;
  line-height: 1.8;
  font-size: 15px;
}

.focus-title {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #111827;
}

.focus-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding-left: 0;
}

.focus-list li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 22px;
}

.focus-list li::before {
  content: "✓";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  font-weight: bold;
  color: var(--sub-brand);
}


.fields-section {
  padding: 60px 0;
  background: #f7f8fa;
}

/* GRID */
.fields-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(340px, 1fr));
  gap: 18px;
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}

/* CARD */
.fields-grid li {
  display: flex;
  /* ⭐ important */
  align-items: center;
  /* ⭐ vertical center */
  justify-content: flex-start;
  /* ⭐ horizontal alignment */
  gap: 12px;

  background: #ffffff;
  padding: 14px 20px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: #333;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
  transition: all 0.25s ease;
}

/* HOVER */
.fields-grid li:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.10);
}

/* TICK */
.fields-grid li::before {
  content: "✓";
  min-width: 32px;
  height: 32px;
  background: var(--brand-color);
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: bold;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

/* Right Panel */

.tijsbm-info {
  background: #ffffff;
  padding: 30px;
  border-radius: 16px;
  box-shadow: 0 12px 35px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  height: 100%;
}

.info-title {
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  color: #111827;
}

.info-title span {
  color: var(--sub-brand);
}

.info-item {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 10px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px dashed #e5e7eb;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.info-item:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}

.contact-title {
  font-weight: 600;
}

.submission-text {
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: #4b5563;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.contact-text a {
  color: var(--sub-brand) !important;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.contact-text a:hover {
  text-decoration: none;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .contact-text a {
    font-size: 14px;
  }
}

.tijsbm-focus-section {
  background: #fff !important;
}

.title-divider {
  width: 60px;
  height: 3px;
  background: var(--brand-color);
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.sub-title {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #111827;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.section-text {
  color: #4b5563;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.focus-list {
  padding-left: 18px;
  color: #374151;
  line-height: 1.8;
}

.focus-list li {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}


/* Responsive */
@media (max-width: 768px) {

  .tijsbm-content {
    text-align: center;
  }

  .focus-list {
    text-align: left;
  }

  .tijsbm-info {
    margin-top: 20px;
  }

}

/* ===== Responsive ===== */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .journal-title {
    font-size: 1.6rem;
  }
}

/*--Testimonial--*/
.testimonial-section {
  padding: 60px 20px;
  /* background: #0f172a; */
  background: linear-gradient(rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.85), rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.9)), url('../img/testimonials_bg.jpg');
  background-position: center;
  background-size: cover;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  color: #000000;
  text-align: center;
}

.testimonial-wrapper {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: auto;
}

.testimonial-track {
  display: flex;
  transition: transform 0.5s ease;
}

.testimonial-card {
  min-width: 100%;
  padding: 40px;
  /* background: #242424;         */
  background: #fff;
  border-radius: 16px;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
}

/* ⭐ AUTHOR IMAGE */
.test-img {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  object-fit: cover;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  border: 3px solid var(--sub-brand);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.4);
}

.testimonial-card p {
  font-size: 18px;
  padding: 0 50px;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.testimonial-card h5 {
  color: #0c0c0c;
  font-weight: bold;
}

/* buttons */
.test-btn {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
  border: none;
  color: white;
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 18px;
}

.prev {
  left: 10px;
}

.next {
  right: 10px;
}

.test-btn:hover {
  background: var(--sub-brand);
}

/* ===== Footer Base ===== */
.journal-footer {
  background: var(--brand-color);
  color: #dbeafe;
  padding: 60px 0 25px;
  font-size: 14px;
}

/* ===== Titles ===== */
.footer-title {
  color: #fff;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.footer-heading {
  color: #fff;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

/* ===== Text ===== */
.footer-text {
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: #cbd5e1;
}

/* ===== Links ===== */
.footer-links {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
}

.footer-links li {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.footer-links a {
  color: #cbd5e1;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: 0.25s;
}

.footer-links a:hover {
  color: var(--sub-brand);
  padding-left: 4px;
}

/* ===== Contact ===== */
.footer-contact {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  color: #cbd5e1;
}

.footer-contact li {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.footer-contact li a{
  text-decoration: none;
  color: white;
}
/* ===== Social ===== */
.footer-social a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  color: #fff;
  border-radius: 50%;
  margin-right: 8px;
  transition: 0.3s;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.footer-social a:hover {
  background: var(--sub-brand);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* ===== Divider ===== */
.footer-divider {
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  margin: 30px 0 20px;
}

/* ===== Bottom ===== */
.footer-bottom {
  color: #cbd5e1;
}

.footer-bottom-links a {
  color: #cbd5e1;
  margin-left: 18px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.footer-bottom-links a:hover {
  color: var(--sub-brand);
}

/*--Editorial-Board--*/
/* HERO SECTION */
.editorial-hero {
  position: relative;
  background: linear-gradient(rgba(10, 25, 47, 0.75),
      rgba(10, 25, 47, 0.75)),
    url('https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1454165804606-c3d57bc86b40?q=80&w=1600') center/cover no-repeat;
  padding: 120px 0;
  color: #fff;
}

/* Content */
.hero-content {
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: auto;
}

.hero-title {
  font-size: 42px;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.hero-subtitle {
  font-size: 18px;
  opacity: 0.95;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Responsive */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .editorial-hero {
    padding: 80px 0;
  }

  .hero-title {
    font-size: 30px;
  }

  .hero-subtitle {
    font-size: 16px;
  }
}

/* Section Title */
.section-heading {
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 25px;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--sub-brand);
  padding-left: 12px;
  color: #1a1a1a;
}

.editor-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  /* border:1px solid rgba(11,42,74,0.08); */
  border: 1px solid #91333242;
  border-radius: 14px;
  padding: 28px 22px;
  text-align: center;
  transition: all 0.35s ease;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(11, 42, 74, 0.08);
  height: 100%;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

/* hover effect */
.editor-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-6px);
  box-shadow: 0 18px 45px rgba(11, 42, 74, 0.15);
}

.editor-img {
  width: 90px;
  height: 90px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  object-fit: cover;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  border: 3px solid var(--sub-brand);
}

.editor-name {
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.editor-designation {
  font-size: 14px;
  color: var(--sub-brand);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.editor-affiliation {
  font-size: 13px;
  color: #666;
}

@media (max-width:768px) {
  .editor-card {
    padding: 20px;
  }
}

/* ===== Section ===== */
/* ===== Section Background ===== */
.committee-section {
  background: #f4f7fb;
}

.title-line {
  width: 70px;
  height: 3px;
  background: var(--sub-brand);
  /* margin: 10px auto 15px; */
  border-radius: 3px;
}

/* ===== Table Wrapper ===== */
.table-wrapper {
  background: #fff;
  padding: 25px;
  border-radius: 14px;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
}

/* ===== Table ===== */
.committee-table {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  border-collapse: separate;
  border-spacing: 0;
}

/* Header */
.committee-table thead th {
  background: var(--sub-brand);
  color: #fff;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 14px;
  padding: 16px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .5px;
  border: none;
}

/* Body */
.committee-table tbody td {
  padding: 16px;
  font-size: 14px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #eef1f5;
}

/* Zebra */
.committee-table tbody tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f8fafc;
}

/* Name highlight */
.committee-table .name {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #222;
}

/* Email */
.committee-table a {
  color: var(--sub-brand);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.committee-table a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Hover effect */
.committee-table tbody tr:hover {
  background: #f1f6ff;
  transition: .2s;
}

/* Mobile */
@media (max-width:768px) {
  .table-wrapper {
    padding: 15px;
  }

  .committee-table thead th,
  .committee-table tbody td {
    padding: 12px;
    font-size: 13px;
  }
}

/* ===== Author Guidelines ===== */
.tijsbm-guidelines {
  background: #f5f7fb;
}

/* ===== Title ===== */
.guidelines-title {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--brand-color);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.guidelines-subtitle {
  color: #6c757d;
  font-size: 15px;
}

/* ===== Left Card ===== */
.guidelines-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 14px;
  padding: 30px;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
}

.card-heading {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--brand-color);
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

/* ===== List Style ===== */
.guidelines-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding-left: 0;
}

.guidelines-list li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 26px;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  color: #444;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.guidelines-list li::before {
  content: "✓";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  color: var(--sub-brand);
  font-weight: bold;
}

/* ===== Right Panel ===== */
.guidelines-info {
  background: var(--brand-color);
  color: #fff;
  border-radius: 14px;
  padding: 30px;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.info-heading {
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.info-item {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.info-item span {
  opacity: 0.85;
}

.contact-title {
  margin-top: 15px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.contact-text1 a {
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.contact-text1 a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* ===== Responsive ===== */
@media (max-width: 991px) {

  .guidelines-card,
  .guidelines-info {
    padding: 24px;
  }
}

/*---copyright---*/
.tijsbm-copyright {
  background: #f5f7fb;
}

.section-title span {
  color: var(--sub-brand);
  /* border-bottom:3px solid var(--sub-brand); */
  padding-bottom: 4px;
}

.section-subtitle {
  color: #6c757d;
  margin-top: 6px;
}

.copyright-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 16px;
  padding: 40px 30px;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  transition: .3s ease;
}

.copyright-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: 0 18px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.download-icon {
  width: 70px;
  height: 70px;
  margin: 0 auto 15px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background-color: var(--sub-brand);
  /* background: linear-gradient(135deg,var(--brand-color),var(--sub-brand)); */
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 26px;
}

.download-btn {
  background: var(--sub-brand) !important;
  color: #fff !important;
  padding: 10px 24px;
  border-radius: 30px;
  font-weight: 600;
  transition: .25s ease;
}

.download-btn:hover {
  background: var(--sub-brand) !important;
  color: #fff;
  transition: all 0.4s ease;
}

/* Responsive */
@media(max-width:576px) {
  .copyright-card {
    padding: 30px 20px;
  }
}

/*---Contact-US---*/
.tijsbm-contact {
  background: #f6f8fb;
}

.contact-title {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--brand-color);
}

.contact-title span {
  color: var(--sub-brand);
  border-bottom: 3px solid var(--sub-brand);
  padding-bottom: 4px;
}

.contact-subtitle {
  color: #6c757d;
  margin-top: 8px;
}

/* Cards */
.contact-info-card,
.contact-form-card {
  background: #fff;
  border-radius: 18px;
  padding: 35px;
  box-shadow: 0 15px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  height: 100%;
}

.info-heading {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--brand-color);
}

/* Info Items */
.info-item1 {
  display: flex;
  gap: 18px;
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.icon-box {
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  background: var(--brand-color);
  color: #fff;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 16px;
}

.info-text .label {
  display: block;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #1f2937;
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}

.info-text .value {
  margin: 0;
  color: #6b7280;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.info-text a {
  color: var(--brand-color);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.info-text a:hover {
  color: var(--sub-brand);
}

.info-divider {
  border-top: 1px dashed #e5e7eb;
  margin: 18px 0;
}

/* Form */
.form-control {
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: 12px 14px;
  border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
}

.form-control:focus {
  border-color: var(--brand-color);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 0.15rem rgba(11, 42, 74, 0.15);
}

.contact-btn {
  background: var(--brand-color);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 13px 28px;
  border-radius: 30px;
  font-weight: 600;
  transition: .25s;
}

.contact-btn:hover {
  background: var(--sub-brand);
  color: #fff;
}

/* Responsive */
@media(max-width:991px) {
  .contact-info-card {
    text-align: left;
  }
}

/*---Articles---*/
.article-card {
  /* background-color: #ffffff; */
  border-radius: 12px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  transition: transform 0.35s ease, box-shadow 0.35s ease;
  border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  height: 100%;
}

/* Article Image */
.article-card img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.article-card:hover img {
  transform: scale(1.05);
}

/* Article Content */
.article-content {
  padding: 20px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  flex: 1;
}

/* Article Category */
.article-category {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--brand-color);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

/* Article Title */
.article-title {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  color: #212529;
  line-height: 1.3;
  transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

.article-card:hover .article-title {
  color: var(--brand-color);
}

/* Article Description */
.article-desc {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: #495057;
  flex: 1;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  text-align: justify;
}

/* Read More Button */
.article-btn {
  align-self: flex-start;
  text-decoration: none;
  background-color: var(--sub-brand);
  color: #fff !important;
  padding: 0.5rem 1.2rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  transition: background-color 0.3s ease, transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.article-btn:hover {
  background-color: var(--sub-brand);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

/* Responsive Grid for Articles */
.articles-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
  gap: 25px;
}

/*-------Aim & Scope-------*/
/* ===== Content Card ===== */
.content-wrapper {
  margin-top: -50px;
  margin-bottom: 60px;
}

.content-card {
  background: #fff;
  border-radius: 16px;
  padding: 40px;
  box-shadow: 0 15px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.section-title {
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--brand-color);
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  position: relative;
}

.section-title::after {
  content: "";
  width: 60px;
  height: 3px;
  background: var(--brand-color);
  display: block;
  margin-top: 8px;
  border-radius: 2px;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .section-title {
    font-size: 18px;
  }
}

.content-card p {
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.8;
  color: #555;
}

/* ===== Scope List ===== */
.scope-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding-left: 0;
  margin-top: 20px;
}

.scope-list li {
  background: #ededed;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  padding: 12px 16px;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--brand);
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-size: 14px;
  transition: all 0.25s ease;
}

.scope-list li:hover {
  transform: translateX(5px);
  background: #eef5ff;
}

/* ===== Responsive ===== */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .hero-title {
    font-size: 30px;
  }

  .content-card {
    padding: 25px;
  }
}

/* Content Card */
.content-wrapper {
  margin-top: -50px;
  margin-bottom: 60px;
}

.content-card {
  background: #fff;
  border-radius: 18px;
  padding: 45px;
  box-shadow: 0 20px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.content-card p {
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.8;
  color: #555;
}

/* Review Steps */
.review-step {
  background: #f8fbff;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--brand);
  padding: 18px 20px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.review-step:hover {
  transform: translateX(6px);
  background: #eef5ff;
}

.step-title {
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  color: #0d3b66;
}

/*-----Publication Ethics & Malpractice Statement---------*/
.ethics-wrapper {
  padding: 60px 0;
}

.ethics-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 16px;
  padding: 45px;
  box-shadow: 0 15px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.page-title {
  font-size: 2.2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #1f2d3d;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.subtitle {
  color: #6c757d;
  font-size: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
}

.ethics-card p {
  line-height: 1.8;
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  color: #444;
}

.ethics-card ul {
  padding-left: 18px;
}

.ethics-card li {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.highlight-box {
  background: #f8f9fa;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--sub-brand);
  padding: 18px 20px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  margin: 25px 0;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .ethics-card {
    padding: 28px;
  }
}


.policy-wrapper {
  padding: 70px 0;
}

.policy-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 18px;
  padding: 50px;
  box-shadow: 0 20px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.subtitle {
  color: #6c757d;
  font-size: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 35px;
}

.section-title1 {
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--sub-brand);
  margin-top: 35px;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.policy-card p {
  line-height: 1.8;
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  color: #444;
}

.policy-card ul {
  padding-left: 20px;
}

.policy-card li {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.highlight-box {
  background: #f8f9fa;
  border-left: 5px solid var(--sub-brand);
  padding: 20px 22px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  margin: 30px 0;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .policy-card {
    padding: 30px;
  }
}

/*----Volume------*/
.volume-wrapper {
  padding: 70px 0
}

.tbl_br {
  position: relative;
  color: var(--brand-color);
  letter-spacing: 2px;
}

.tbl_br span {
  color: var(--sub-brand);
}

.tbl_br::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  width: 56px;
  height: 2px;
  background-color: var(--sub-brand);
  bottom: -20%;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%);
}

.volume-card {
  background: #fff;
  border-radius: 18px;
  padding: 50px;
  box-shadow: 0 20px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, .12)
}

/* ===== Accordion Clean Look ===== */

/* ===============================
   PROFESSIONAL TOC ACCORDION
=================================*/

.toc-accordion .accordion-item {
  border: 1px solid #e6ebf0;
  border-radius: 14px;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #ffffff;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.toc-accordion .accordion-item:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
  border-color: #dbe3ea;
}

/* Accordion Button */
.toc-accordion .accordion-button {
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  padding: 20px 22px;
  background: transparent !important;
  box-shadow: none;
  color: #1f2d3d;
  text-align: justify;

  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 10px;
  /* ⭐ space between text & arrow */
}

/* Wrap title inside span for perfect spacing */
.toc-accordion .accordion-button span {
  flex: 1;
  padding-right: 10px;
}

/* Remove Bootstrap blue */
.toc-accordion .accordion-button:not(.collapsed) {
  background: transparent !important;
  color: #0f172a;
  box-shadow: none;
}

/* Arrow alignment */
.toc-accordion .accordion-button::after {
  margin-left: auto;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* Body */
.toc-accordion .accordion-body {
  background: #fff;
  padding: 5px 22px 22px 22px;
  border-top: 1px solid #f1f4f7;
}

/* Button inside body */
.toc-accordion .accordion-body a {
  display: inline-block;
  border: 2px solid var(--brand-color) !important;
  margin-top: 12px;
  padding: 10px 18px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #000;
  border-radius: 8px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all 0.35s ease;
}

.toc-accordion .accordion-body a:hover {
  background-color: var(--brand-color) !important;
  color: #fff !important;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* ===============================
   RESPONSIVE MODE
=================================*/

/* Tablet */
@media (max-width: 992px) {
  .toc-accordion .accordion-button {
    font-size: 14px;
    padding: 18px 20px;
    gap: 16px;
  }

  .toc-accordion .accordion-body {
    padding: 0 20px 20px 20px;
  }
}

/* Mobile */
@media (max-width: 576px) {
  .toc-accordion .accordion-item {
    border-radius: 12px;
  }

  .toc-accordion .accordion-button {
    font-size: 14px;
    padding: 16px 16px;
    gap: 14px;
  }

  .toc-accordion .accordion-button span {
    padding-right: 6px;
  }

  .toc-accordion .accordion-body {
    padding: 0 16px 18px 16px;
  }

  .toc-accordion .accordion-body a {
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 10px;
  }
}

/* Mobile & Tablet Fix */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .toc-accordion .accordion-item {
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: 100% !important;
    margin-left: 0;
    margin-right: 0;
  }
}


/* Journal Showcase Section */
.journal-showcase {
  background: #f8fafc;
}

/* Cover Styling */
.journal-cover img {
  max-width: 320px;
  border-radius: 14px;
  width: 100%;
  height: 350px;
  box-shadow: 0 15px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
  transition: transform 0.4s ease;
}

.journal-cover img:hover {
  transform: translateY(-8px);
}

/* Content Styling */
.journal-content {
  padding-left: 20px;
}

.journal-title {
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 30px;
  color: #1f2d3d;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.journal-text {
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.8;
  color: #4b5563;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

/* Buttons */
.btn-editor {
  background-color: var(--brand-color) !important;
  color: #fff !important;
  padding: 10px 22px !important;
  border-radius: 8px !important;
  font-weight: 600 !important;
  transition: all 0.3s ease !important;
}

.btn-editor:hover {
  background-color: var(--sub-brand) !important;
  color: #fff !important;
}

.btn-publisher {
  border: 2px solid var(--brand-color) !important;
  color: var(--brand-color) !important;
  padding: 10px 22px !important;
  border-radius: 8px !important;
  font-weight: 600 !important;
  transition: all 0.3s ease !important;
}

.btn-publisher:hover {
  background-color: var(--brand-color) !important;
  color: #fff !important;
}

/* Responsive */
@media (max-width: 992px) {
  .journal-content {
    padding-left: 0;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .journal-title {
    font-size: 26px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 576px) {
  .journal-title {
    font-size: 22px;
  }

  .journal-cover img {
    max-width: 240px;
  }

  .journal-buttons a {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
  }
}


/* CTA Section */
.home-journal-cta {
  background: #f8fafc;
  border: 1px solid #00000018;
}

/* Title */
.cta-title {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--brand-color);
  font-size: 22px;
}

.cta-title span {
  color: var(--sub-brand) !important;
}

/* Text */
.cta-text {
  color: #6b7280;
  font-size: 15px;
}

/* Responsive polish */
@media (max-width: 992px) {
  .home-journal-cta {
    /* text-align: center; */
    padding: 20px;
  }

  .cta-title {
    font-size: 20px;
  }
}

/*---------Editor's Desk------------*/
.editor-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 16px;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  padding: 35px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.editor-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-6px);
  box-shadow: 0 18px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.editor-img {
  width: 140px;
  height: 140px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: 5px solid #e9ecef;
}

.message-box {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-left: 5px solid var(--sub-brand);
  padding: 30px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
  line-height: 1.8;
  font-size: 15.5px;
}

/*----Publisher's Details---*/
.details-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 16px;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  padding: 40px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.details-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: 0 18px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.info-row {
  padding: 14px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #eef1f4;
  font-size: 15.5px;
}

.info-row:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}

.label {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--brand-color);
}

.section-title {
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  margin-bottom: 25px;
}

.note {
  font-size: 14px;
  color: #6c757d;
}


.review-process {
  background: #f8f9fa;
}

@media (max-width: 768px){
  .review-process{
    width: 100% !important;
  }
}
.review-table thead {
  background: var(--brand-color) !important;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 15px;
}

.review-table tbody tr:hover {
  background: #f1f3f6;
  transition: 0.3s;
}

.review-table td {
  font-size: 15px;
}

.decision-box {
  background: #ffffff;
  padding: 25px;
  border-radius: 6px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

/*-------*/
.editorial-board1 {
  background: #f8f9fa;
}

.editor-card1 {
  background: #ffffff;
  padding: 30px 20px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  transition: 0.3s;
  height: 100%;
}

.editor-card1:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.editor-name {
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.editor-role {
  color: #a12421;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.editor-university {
  font-size: 14px;
  color: #666;
}

.vision-section {
  background: #f8f9fa;
}

.vision-title {
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 34px;
}

.vision-title span {
  color: #a12421;
}

.vision-text {
  color: #555;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.7;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.vision-box {
  background: #ffffff;
  padding: 30px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 5px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.vision-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding-left: 0;
}

.vision-list li {
  padding: 8px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
  font-size: 15px;
}

.vision-list li:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}



/*---------------*/
.core-values {
  background: #f8f9fa;
}

.value-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  padding: 25px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  transition: 0.3s;
  height: 100%;
  border-left: 4px solid #a12421;
}

.value-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.value-card h5 {
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.value-card p {
  color: #555;
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

/*----------Journal-Format-----------*/
.journal-format{
background:#f8f9fc;
font-family:'Segoe UI',sans-serif;
}

/* .section-title{
font-weight:700;
font-size:34px;
color:#0c2d57;
} */

.section-subtitle1{
color:#777;
font-size:16px;
}

.section-heading1{
font-weight:600;
color:#a12421;
margin-bottom:15px;
}

.card{
border-radius:10px;
}

.submission-table th{
background:#0c2d57;
color:#fff;
}

.manuscript-table th{
background:#a12421;
color:#fff;
}

.format-list{
list-style:none;
padding-left:0;
}

.format-list li{
padding:8px 0;
border-bottom:1px solid #eee;
font-size:15px;
}

.table td{
font-size:15px;
}

/*--------------------*/
.call-papers-section{
background:#f7f8fc;
font-family:'Segoe UI',sans-serif;
}

/* .section-title{
font-size:34px;
font-weight:700;
color:#0c2d57;
} */

.section-title12{
  color: var(--brand-color);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.section-subtitle{
color:#666;
max-width:750px;
margin:auto;
font-size:16px;
}

.category-card{
background:#ffffff;
padding:28px;
border-radius:10px;
box-shadow:0 5px 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.07);
height:100%;
transition:all 0.3s ease;
border-top:4px solid #a12421;
}

.category-card:hover{
transform:translateY(-5px);
}

.category-card h4{
font-size:20px;
font-weight:600;
color:#a12421;
margin-bottom:15px;
}

.category-card ul{
padding-left:18px;
}

.category-card ul li{
margin-bottom:8px;
font-size:15px;
color:#444;
}